Model Takaful Berasaskan Filantropi di Malaysia: Isu, Cabaran dan Keperluan
Philanthropy-Based Takaful Model in Malaysia: Issues, Challenges and Needs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/muwafaqat.v6i1.141Keywords:
Filantropi, Model Takaful, B40, Perlindungan Kesihatan, Kewangan SosialAbstract
Filantropi merupakan amalan kebaikan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang berdasarkan rasa cinta dan sayang kepada orang lain yang membawa kepada kesediaan dan kesanggupannya untuk membantu dengan cara memberi sumbangan dalam pelbagai bentuk tanpa balasan. Konsep filantropi ini telahpun diamalkan dalam Islam iaitu melalui zakat, sedekah, infak, wakaf dan sebagainya. Dalam konteks industri takaful, walaupun terdapat tulisan dan kajian berkaitan model-model takaful mikro yang cuba mengintegrasikan zakat, wakaf, mushārakah dan sebagainya, namun ianya sekadar cadangan konseptual sahaja. Oleh yang demikian, artikel ini cuba untuk mengkaji keperluan kepada mewujudkan model takaful berasaskan filantropi yang lebih praktikal di samping tidak mengetepikan isu dan cabaran yang wujud. Untuk tujuan itu, artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui temu bual separa struktur terhadap 16 informan B40 dan pengendali takaful. Data temu bual yang telah ditranskripsi kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan perisian Atlas.ti versi 22 berpandukan dua objektif kajian bagi mengenal pasti tema-tema temu bual yang mewakili isu-isu dan cabaran-cabaran dalam penawaran model takaful berasaskan filantropi. Hasil analisis mendapati isu-isu utama yag dihadapi oleh golongan B40 ialah kewangan, operasi, produk, kemudahan dan pengetahuan. Manakala isu-isu yang timbul di pihak pengendali takaful pula ialah syariah, operasi, undang-undang dan kos. Walaupun wujud isu dan cabaran, model takaful berasaskan filantropi ini diperlukan oleh golongan B40 dan pengendali takaful berdasarkan kepada beberapa kepentingan antaranya menyediakan perlindungan manfaat takaful mikro yang sistematik dan efisien, sebagai medium kepada masyarakat untuk membudayakan amalan derma dan alternatif kepada program kerajaan.
Philanthropy is a practice of kindness by a person which is built on a sense of love and affection for others that leads to his readiness and willingness to help through donating in various forms without consideration. The concept of philanthropy has already been practiced in Islam by way of zakat, charity, endowment, waqf and so on. In the context of takaful industry, although there are writings and studies related to micro takaful models that try to integrate zakat, waqf, mushārakah and so on, they are just conceptual proposals. As such, this article attempts to examine the need to create a more practical philanthropy-based takaful model while not ignoring the issues and challenges that exist. For that purpose, this article uses a qualitative method with data collection through semi-structured interviews on 16 B40 informants and takaful operators. The transcribed interview data was then analyzed using Atlas.ti software version 22 based on two research objectives in order to identify interview themes that represent issues and challenges in offering a philanthropy-based takaful model. The results of the analysis found that the main issues faced by the B40 group are finance, operations, products, facilities, and knowledge. While the issues that arise on the part of takaful operators are shariah, operation, law, and cost. Despite the existence of issues and challenges, this philanthropy-based takaful model is needed by the B40 group and takaful operators based on some significance including providing systematic and efficient protection of micro takaful benefits, as a medium for the community to cultivate the practice of donation and as an alternative to government programs.
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